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Home::Reference & Education

SCADA: A Definition And Overview

Author : Joe Crew

SCADA Definition: Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition

The Basics of SCADA

SCADA programs are used in industrial process control
applications for centralised monitoring and recording of pumps,
tank levels, switches, temperatures etc. SCADA systems are also
referred to as HMI (Human Machine Interfaces), or the less
politically correct MMI (Man Machine Interfaces).

A SCADA program normally runs on a PC and communicates with
external instrumentation and control devices. Communications
methods can be via direct serial link, radio, modem, fieldbus or
Ethernet links. If a mixture of instruments with differing
communication interfaces and protocols need to be connected,
then converters can be used. SCADA is often used on remote data
acquisition systems where the data is viewed and recorded
centrally.

The SCADA program has a user configured database which tells the
software about the connected instrumentation and which
parameters within the instruments are to be accessed. The
database may also hold information on how often the parameters
of the instruments are accessed and if a parameter is a read
only value (e.g. a measured value) or read / write, allowing the
operator to change a value (e.g. an alarm setpoint).

The parameters of the instrument being accessed are normally
split between analogue (numeric) or logic (digital). When
running, the SCADA software continuously updates its own
database with the latest analogue and digital values collected
from the instrumentation. Some SCADA systems also allow real
time calculations to be made on the received data and the
results would be available as a "virtual" value.

The real time values can then be used by the SCADA software for
Real Time Display and Operator Interactions (Supervisory
Control) and Recording (Data Acquisition).

Most SCADA PC software include a drawing package
for the configuration of the operator screens; these allow for
the animation of objects dependant on the real time data. The
SCADA screen designer can create and graphically display
bar-graphs, valve positions, tank levels etc. The operator may
be allowed to alter an instruments parameters or send batch
recipe values to instruments by use of a mouse / keyboard or a
touch screen.

More sophisticated SCADA PC software can provide messaging
modules for SMS or E-mail; these enable plant conditions to be
reported to external personal. Modern SCADA programs can provide
better access to plant information through a web interface; the
only requirement for the remote PC is an internet browser.

If a SCADA software solution is not suitable for an application,
then stand alone operator interfaces are also available. More
commonly refered to as HMI, these panel mounted devices combine
a micro processor, communication interfaces and LCD touch
screen. Like SCADA software, configuration and screen designs
are created on a computer but then downloaded to the HMI for use
in real time.

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