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Biodiversity in Ecuador

Author : Martijn van Vreeden

Ecuador is a rich country when it comes to biodiversity. Even
though Ecuador is only the size of the state of Nevada, its
biodiversity exceeds the one from the United States in total.
According to the World Resource
Institute Ecuador is one of the few countries on earth
categorized as "megadiverse," owing to the variety of its
ecosystems and species.

Within three hours, you can drive in Ecuador from arctic tundra
to sweltering beaches, from a temperate pine forest to a
tropical wet forest, from a desert landscape to wetlands filled
with mangroves. Ecuador is also the most ethnically diversified
country in Latin America, a home to large Arab, Asian,
Caucasian, African, and Jewish populations. In the Native Indian
population, one can find tribes living in very primitive
conditions, from those who were recently head shrinkers to the
most entrepreneurial otavalenos, known around the globe for the
quality of their textiles.

According to the Natura
Foundation, an environmental non governmental organization
(NGO), approximately 50 percent of Ecuador is suffering from
various degrees of soil erosion, and deforestation is 45 percent
in the lowlands, 48 percent in the highlands, and 8 percent in
the Amazon basin. Thousands of acres of forest disappear daily,
despite laws that prohibit the cutting down of trees and the
exportation of wood. It has been calculated that deforestation
amounts to 680,000 acres per year (approximately 2,000 per day),
and in less that forty years not a single forest will remain.

We can certainly say that biodiversity in Ecuador is decreasing
rapidly. Several aspects of the society are to blame. Mainly the
lack of enforcement of laws and the corruption by the government
seem to have a great affect on the preservation of the countries
most valuable treasure. The lack of insight in small communities
who own large parts of natural habitat of animals is also a
threat. Preservation of the biological diversity can be achieved
by educating these communities and stimulating ecotourism, or
sustainable development.

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